Does Bandwidth Beyond 20khz Improve Sound Quality?

Some folks over at the SlimDevices Forum (here) are currently debating the impact of this 2000 psycho-acoustic scholarly research from Japan.
The results of the study support some remarkable and far-reaching conclusions:

Frequency content beyond 20khz enhances human perception of music - test subjects favor it over lower-bandwidth material.
Brain activity can be measured and used to correlate […]

On Bandwidth (and Sampling Rate)

For our technically-minded members, I’m sure that you’re aware of Fourier Analysis and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) that revolutionized signal processing. For others, the core idea is that any signal can be efficiently decomposed into a number of sine waves. The more sine waves, the better the approximation.
The graphic at left shows a number […]